Iipads ze-brake zezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokhuseleko kwinkqubo yezarakhi, edlala indima esebenzayo kumgangatho wefuthe le-brake, kunye ne-brake elungileyo ye-brake nguMkhuseli wabantu kunye nezithuthi (inqwelo moya (inqwelomoya).
Okokuqala, imvelaphi ye-brake pads
Ngo-1897, i-herbertfrood yangenisa iipads zokuqala ze-brake (zisebenzisa intambo yomqhaphu njengokuqinisa i-fibre) kwaye yazisebenzisa kwiimoto ezitsalwa ngamahashe kunye neemoto zakudala, apho kwasekwa khona i-fetround yehlabathi. Ke ngo-1909, inkampani yazisa i-Asbestos yeHlabathi ye-Asbestos esekwe kwi-Asbestos esekwe kwi-Asbestos. Ngo-1968, iipads zokuqala ze-brake zensimbi zensimbi zensimbi zangelwe, kwaye ukusukela ngoko, izinto ezixineneyo sele ziqalisile ukuya kwi-Asbestos-free. Ekhaya kwaye phesheya baqalisa ukufunda ii-fibers ezahlukeneyo ze-Asbestos ezifana ne-fiber yensimbi, i-fiber yeglasi, ifayibha ye-AIRAM, ye-Aramid, i-Carbon Fiber kunye nezinye izicelo kwizinto ezinqabileyo.
Okwesibini, ukwahlulahlulahlulahlula iipads zebraoke
Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokuphucula izixhobo zokuqhekeza. Enye yahlulwe ngokusetyenziswa kwamaziko. Ezinje nge-Automobile Sokrayi, iQeqeshe izixhobo ze-Brake kunye neZixhobo zeHavo. Indlela yokwahlulahlula ilula kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda. Enye yahlulwe ngohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Le ndlela yokwazisa yinzululwazi. Izixhobo ze-brake zangoku ikakhulu ziquka ezi candelo zintathu zilandelayo: Izixhobo ze-Break-Shedtos Brake, izixhobo ze-Asbestos ze-Asbestos, izixhobo ze-Asbestos ze-Asbestos), izixhobo ze-Parbon's Spokes
Isithathu, izixhobo ze-Automobile
1, uhlobo lweemoto zemoto yezithuthi ngokwezinto zokwenza imveliso eyahlukileyo. It can be divided into asbestos sheet, semi-metal sheet or low metal sheet, NAO(asbestos free organic matter) sheet, carbon carbon sheet and ceramic sheet.
1.1.asbestos
Ukususela kwasekuqaleni, i-Asbestos isetyenzisiwe njengezinto zokuqiniswa kwe-brake pads, kuba i-Asbestos fiber inamandla aphezulu kunye nokunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuze ifezekise iimfuno ze-brake pads kunye nee-clutch discles kunye neegesi. Le fiber inomthamo wencanda oqinileyo, inokuthelekisa intsimbi yebanga eliphezulu, kwaye inokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu angama-316 ° C. Yintoni enye, i-Asbestos iphantsi. Ikhutshwe kwi-Affibole Ore, efumaneka kwinani elikhulu kumazwe amaninzi. I-Asbestos Izixhobo ze-Asbestos ikakhulu zisebenzisa i-asbestos fiber, eyile i-hydical magnesium yesilwanyana (3mGe2sio22o) njenge-fiber yokuqinisa. I-filler yokuhlengahlengisa iipropathi zongezwa. Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ze-orgatic matrix ifunyenwe ngokucinezela ukunamathela kumdlalo wokucinezela oshushu.
Phambi kwe-1970s. Iphepha le-Asbestos lohlobo lwe-Asbestos lisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwihlabathi. Kwaye ilawulwa ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokutshisa ubushushu obuhlwempuzekileyo kwe-Asbestos. Ubushushu obunqabileyo abunakuchithwa ngokukhawuleza. Iya kubangela ukuba ububi be-thermal boure yomgangatho wokuxabana ukuya kuthi ga. Yandisa ukunxiba izinto. Ngeli xesha. Amanzi amakristale ye-asbestos fiber ihlawulwe ngaphezulu kwe-400 ℃. Ipropathi yengxabano incitshisiwe kwaye i-interty inyuka ngokumangalisayo xa ifikelela kwi-550 ℃ okanye ngaphezulu. Amanzi amakristale alahlekelwa kakhulu. Ukuphuculwa kulahlekile ngokupheleleyo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi. Iqinisekisiwe kwezonyango. I-Asbestos yinto enomonakalo onzulu kumalungu omntu aphefumlelweyo. Julayi 1989
1.2, Iphepha le-SEAL
Luhlobo olutsha lwezinto ezinamafutha aphuhlisiweyo ngokwesiseko sezinto ezimbambano ze-orgation kunye ne-powrgers yemveli yemveli. Isebenzisa i-fibers yensimbi endaweni yeentsinga ze-Asbestos. Yinto engu-Asbestos ye-Asbestos
"I-Semi-Meyili" Hobbrid Brake Pards (Semi-dibana) yenziwa ngoboya bensimbi yentsimbi njenge-fiber kunye nomxube obalulekileyo. I-Asbestos kunye nee-Asbestos ze-Asbestos ze-Asbestos brake
Izinto ze-semi-metic zinezimpawu eziphambili:
(l) uzinzile kakhulu ngaphantsi kwe-coandetions. Ayiveli ukubola kwe-thermal. Uzinzo oluhle lobushushu;
(2) Ukunganyangeki okuhle. Inkonzo yobomi ngamaxesha angama-3-5 e-Asbestos izinto ezixineneyo;
(3) ukusebenza kakuhle kwendlela ephantsi komthwalo omkhulu kunye nokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo;
(4) Ukuqhubela phambili kwengozi. Iqondo lobushushu leradiel lincinci. Ilungele iimveliso ezincinci ze-disc ze-disc;
(5) Ingxolo encinci yokuqhayisa.
I-United States, iYurophu, iJapan kunye namanye amazwe zaqala ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweendawo ezinkulu ngo-1960. Ukuxhathisa idiski yephepha le-sensi-arati ngaphezulu kwe-25% ephezulu kunelo yephepha le-Asbestos. Okwangoku, ithatha indawo enkulu kwimakethi ye-brake pad eTshayina. Kwaye uninzi lweemoto zaseMelika. Ngakumbi iimoto kunye nabakhweli kunye nezithuthi zemoto. I-Somi-Meyi-intsimbi ye-Brake inikwe i-80%.
Nangona kunjalo, imveliso nayo inezi ntsika zilandelayo:
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(4) Ukuxinana okuphezulu.
Nangona "isinyithi" asinayo intsilelo emincinci, kodwa ngenxa yozinzo lwayo lwemveliso, ixabiso eliphantsi, isezixhobo ezikhethiweyo, isezixhobo ezikhethiweyo zeepads ze-automotive.
1.3. Ifilimu ye-NAO
Ebutsheni bowe-1980s, bekukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zefibrid firrid firrid ye-Asbestos-Free Brake Linnings ehlabathini, oko kukuthi, isizukulwana sesithathu se-Asbestos-free thestount pads. Its purpose is to make up for the defects of steel fiber single reinforced semi-metallic brake materials, the fibers used are plant fiber, aramong fiber, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, mineral fiber and so on. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweentsinga ezininzi, iintsinga kwi-brake lining griments ngomsebenzi, kwaye kulula ukuyila ifomula ye-brake enemisebenzi egqwesileyo. Eyona nto iphambili kwi-NAO yephepha le-NAO kukugcina isiphumo esifanelekileyo sokuqhawula ubushushu okanye ubushushu obuphezulu, ukunciphisa ukunxiba, kwaye unciphise ingxolo, kwaye wandise indlela yobomi be-BROKE, Izinto ezixineneyo ezisetyenziswa ngabo bonke iimpawu ezidumileyo ze-Benz / Philodo Brake Pads sisiseko se-Asbestos-freestos-frekey switter, sikhusela ubomi bomqhubi, kwaye sandisa ubomi bediski ye-brake.
1.4, i-carbon yekhabhoni
I-Carbon Carbon Composite Storetions luhlobo lwezinto ezine-carbon fiber firiched matrix ye-carbon matrix. Iipropathi zayo ezifihlakeleyo zigqwesile. Ukuxinana okuphantsi (intsimbi kuphela); Inqanaba eliphezulu. Inomthamo ophezulu wobushushu obungaphezulu kwe-powlergerss kunye nentsimbi; Ubushushu obuPhakamileyo bungasebenzi; Akukho ngqiqweni, intlekele. Ukusebenza kokusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 ℃; Ukuxabana okuhle kunye nokunxiba intsebenzo. Ubomi obude benkonzo. I-Coulting Counes iyazinza kwaye imodareyitha ngexesha lokubhubha. I-Carbon-Carbon Compovite ye-carbon isetyenziswe kuqala kwinqwelomoya. Yamkelwa kamva yiFomula 1 yokuBaleka, eyisicelo kuphela sezinto zekhabhoni zekharbon kwi-automotive pads.
Izixhobo ze-carbon carbon comptions yinto ekhethekileyo yokuzinza komzimba, zinxibe ukunganyangeki, ukuqhuma kombane, amandla athile, ezinye iimpawu ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ze-carbon-carbon poscial zikwanazo neentsilelo ezilandelayo: I-coation ye-filbotion ayizinzanga. Kuchaphazeleke kakhulu kukufuma;
Ukunganyangeki kwe-oxidation (i-oxidation enkulu yenzeka ngaphezulu kwe-50 ° C emoyeni). Iimfuno eziphezulu zendalo esingqongileyo (yomile, icocekile); Kuyabiza kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kunqunyelwe kumasimi awodwa. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba ukunciphisa umda wekhabhoni ye-carbon kunzima ukukhuselwa ngokubanzi.
1.5, iziqwenga ze-ceramic
Njengemveliso entsha kwizinto ezixineneyo. Iipali ze-ceramic brake zineengenelo zengxolo, akukho luvo lwe-hub yevil, ubomi benkonzo ende, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Iipali ze-ceramic brake zaye zaphuhliswa ziinkampani ze-Brake zaseJapan ngo-1990s. Ngokuthe ngcembe yaba sisithandwa esitsha sentengiso ye-brake pad.
Ummeli oqhelekileyo we-ceramic ye-cericuc yefreyishini yi-C / C-S-SIC, oko kukuthi, i-carbon fiber yomeleleyo ye-silicon carbide matrix c / s / s / s. Abaphandi kwiDyunivesithi yeStuttgart kunye neZiko leMfundo laseJamani leAerospace leZiko le-Aerospace lafunda ukusetyenziswa kwe-C / C-S-S-S-S-SIC kwicandelo le-faction, kunye ne-C / C-SIC Brake Pads yokusetyenziswa kwiimoto zePorsche. I-Oak Ridge yesizwe i-Laboratri ye-Laboratory ene-honewell chesnanceds, kunye neenkqubo ze-Denyweelf LNADHICS, NOKUGQIBELA I-CHEDICHICS STATHICS STADS STADS Inkampani isebenze kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi esetyenziswayo kwizithuthi ezinzima.
2, I-Carramic Ceramic English Brake Pad izibonelelo:
1, xa kuthelekiswa ne-Grey ye-Forey Crake Prokes, ubunzima bee-carbon ze-carbon cearac brake buncitshisiwe malunga ne-60%, kwaye ubunzima obungayimisiyo buncitshisiwe malunga neekhilogramu ezingama-23;
2, Uxinzelelo lwe-brake olungeleleneyo lunokwanda okukhulu kakhulu, isantya sokuphendula sebhulukhwe esonyukayo kwaye impindezelo ye-brake incitshisiwe;
I-3, i-phanng i-elongwetion yezinto ze-carbon ye-carbon cengs ukusuka kwi-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.3%, ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-ceramic;
I-4, i-CORAGIC ye-CORAGE iziva ikhululekile kakhulu, inokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza amandla aphezulu okuqhambuka kwinqanaba lokuqala lokutsiba, ngenxa yoko akukho mfuneko yokwandisa inkqubo yokuncedisa iBroke, kwaye i-braking iyonke iyakhawuleza kwaye ifutshane kunenkqubo yokuqhubela phambili;
5, Ukuze kuxhathise ubushushu obunyulu, kukho inyulu yokutshisa i-ceramic phakathi kwe-brake piston nerhele liner;
6, i-Cramic Brake dis inesifo esingaqhelekanga, ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kutshintshwa ngokutshintshwa okukhulu, kunye nesiqhelo se-intsimbi yentsimbi isetyenziselwa iminyaka embalwa ukuyibuyisela.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UPE-08-2023